Tag Archives: cervical cancer

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Human Papillomavirus Related Diseases and Treatment

Human papillomavirus is a very common sexually transmitted disease. It is a DNA virus that can be found at the mucous membranes of the entire genital area as well as the mouth and throat. It has lots of subtypes. Some types are harmless. Other types (oncogenic types) may lead to cancers.

Have a look at the following descriptions. You can prevent these diseases if you do not get infected with human papillomavirus. Use condom when you have sex, and, most of all, get vaccinated against human papillomavirus!

Risk Factors of HPV

If your immune system is weak (after an illness), you have multiple children. You have been taking oral contraceptives for a long time or you have a chronic inflammation within the genital area. If that is the case you are more likely to get infected with HPV and develop cervical cancer.

HPV Related Diseases

Cervical Cancer

If you live with human papillomavirus, you are at risk of developing cervical cancer.

Cervical cancer has no symptoms. By the time it has symptoms (for example, you bleed between periods, sex is painful, you bleed after having sex. Your period is unusually long or you have plenty of vaginal discharge), it is in an advanced stage. However, the disease does have warning signs: cancerous cells in the lining of your cervix. Only a health care provider is able to detect the subtle changes within your cells. Get tested! Pap tests or HPV DNA tests may save your life.

If the lab tests mean bad news, your health care provider will ask you to undergo further testing. Your doctor might want to a biopsy, a tissue sample from your cervix.

Cancer can spread to other organs within your body. Your doctor might suggest x-rays, MRI or CT scan.

Probably it is only your cervix that is affected, probably cancer has spread to the vagina, too.

Treatment

There is no treatment available for human papillomavirus infection. On the other hand, doctors are able to heal related conditions like genital warts, precancerous lesions and – if detected early – cancers.

Precancerous cervical lesions can be treated by cryosurgery (freezing the cancerous cells); loop electrosurgical excision procedure which means your health care provider surgically removes the cancerous tissue with a hot wire loop; surgical conization i.e. removing a cone shaped part of tissue, using a laser, a scalpel or both of them; as well as laser vaporization conization.

You may undergo a surgery, radiation therapy or chemotherapy, or a therapy of the combination of the three. They may have side-effects.

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HPV Related Cancers and Treatment

HPV can lead to other types of cancer: vaginal cancer, penile cancer.

Doctors can treat these conditions with medication, chemotherapy, surgery, electrosurgery, cryosurgery or laser surgery. It depends on the type of cancer you have, your age, health, and the stage of the cancer. Your health care providers may want to remove the cancerous tissues, as much as possible.

 

Sex Life Story

Safe Contraception Options: Who Should Use Protection

Who should use protection, men or women? It is an interesting question. Sex, contraception options and protection are mutual responsibility. Both men and women should know how to choose the right method. Both of them should think about their own and their partner’s health and well-being. It is not enough if one partner is responsible: both parties should know how to prevent pregnancy. Safe sex is not a matter that you can shrug away, saying that your partner is on the pill and it is not your problem. Contraception pill may not solve sexual problem and not forget about the side effect.

Honesty, Trust, Contraception Options and Your Health

Is your partner honest with you? Does your female partner tell you that she takes birth control pills – and is it true? Probably she has side-thoughts and she thinks it is time to settle down and have a baby, so she has just “forgotten” about her birth control pills. Maybe she is the happy-go-lucky one and she has skipped one or two days, so now both of you are at risk of an unwanted pregnancy. Has your male partner told you that he has undergone vasectomy, so he is perfectly safe for you; but what about sexually transmitted diseases? Would your partner tell you if they had some minor infection? Do you know your partner well? Are you in a serious relationship, based on trust? Are you into one-night stands or short-lived relationships? These questions are not moral issues. They have a lot to do with your health. Never leave protection to your partner! Whatever he or she says, make sure that you do your best to avoid an unwanted pregnancy or an infection. Has he had a vasectomy? Is she on the pill? Great. You should still use protection. Combined contraception options are safe. If he did have a vasectomy, you still can take your birth control pills and ask him to use a condom.

Prevent Pregnancy: Choose the Right Method

While hormonal contraception is unbeatable when it comes to avoiding unwanted pregnancy, do not completely dismiss barrier methods. Condoms protect you from sexually transmitted diseases, and even some kind of cancers like cervical cancer.

Prefer male condoms over female condoms. Male condoms have a lowest failure rate of the barrier methods. Use a condom with spermicide. Never restrict your protection methods to female condoms alone! They have the highest failure rate of all birth control methods (with the exception of coitus interruptus, the withdrawal method). For instance, diaphragms are not reliable when you want to avoid pregnancy. Neither do they protect you from the diseases of the upper genital tract.

The safest way of having sex is when both partners use some kind of protection. For women, combined oral contraceptive pills, implants, combined injections, intrauterine devices are the safest methods, and, of course, the irreversible methods: hysterectomy, tubal ligation, and essure. They should also insist on using a condom. For men, vasectomy and lubricated latex condoms will be the safest way (make sure that you use water-based lubes and avoid oil-based lubes that may damage the condom). They can use plastic wrap when giving oral sex to their partner. Oral sex may seem safe, but it can lead to ugly surprises – for instance, human papilloma virus that can cause serious sexual health issues.

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Diseases that can affect ovaries

Unfortunately women can develop different diseases in their ovaries and besides the physical pain that these diseases bring in some cases they even lead to infertility.

Ovarian cancer is very rare disease and it certainly appears much less than cervical cancer. It is very difficult to detect ovarian cancer and if it is detected early there are fairly good chances for successful treatment. This type of cancer often occurs in women after menopause, in women who have not yet given birth, women that have close relatives suffering from this disease or some similar diseases like uterine cancer, breast cancer and cancer of the end of the colon as well as women who are suffering from obesity. Having all these things in mind, we can conclude that taking birth control pills and breastfeeding significantly reduces the risk of ovarian cancer. This type of cancer can affect one or both ovaries. There are some distinctive symptoms that accompany this disease but they occur very late. Some of those symptoms include – pain in the abdomen, vaginal bleeding, stomach problems, bloating and abdominal tumescence. If the gynecologist during medical examination finds thickenings it is very likely that he will perform laparotomy or/and laparoscopy. Ovarian cancer that is detected at an early stage can be treated with surgical removal of the ovary/ovaries (oophorectomy) and at a later stage with surgical removal of the uterus (hysterectomy).

Another disease that is more common in ovaries is ovarian cysts. They usually occur because of certain irregularities in the release of the oocytes from the follicle. If the follicle is not torn, it can result in a cyst. The vast majority of cysts are benign and some of them increase size, get harder and can cause irregular menstrual cycle, pain and discomfort in the stomach area. Sometimes the pain can occur during sexual intercourse. Gynecologists can discover cysts very easy during medical examination as he explores the area around the uterus and the ovaries. After that he will perform an ultrasound or laparoscopy. Cysts may disappear on their own but some of them need to be removed. In rare cases when the cyst is very large, a surgery may be necessary.

Women usually detect that they are suffering from polycystic ovary syndrome when they find out that they cannot conceive. In this case we are talking about disturbance in the process of secretion of pituitary hormones, which trigger the process of developing eggs in the ovary. Some of the most common symptoms of polycystic ovaries are – irregular menstrual cycles, acne, oily skin, excessive body hair and excessive weight. This disease can be treated with medications that provide normal hormonal balance.

Another thing that must be mentioned when we talk about ovary diseases is oophorectomy. This term is used to describe surgical removal of one or both ovaries. This procedure is usually performed in cases of certain types of cancer, large cysts or as part of hysterectomy. Doctors will try every method before they decide that the removal of the second ovary is necessary.

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